Anterior Segment Complications in Ocular Contusion

Ocular traumas are the leading cause of preventable vision loss in children and adults. The incidence of eye injuries varies between countries. In a previous study that was made by McGwin et al. in 2005, it was found that the number of ocular injuries in United States annually is approximately 2 million, with 40 thousand resulting in permanent vision loss [1]. Many studies have investigated open globe injuries that can be managed primarily through surgery [2,5]. Management of blunt trauma is sometimes more challenging, as unforeseen complications can occur. Usually blunt ocular trauma is managed on a case by case basis. Blunt ocular trauma or ocular contusions cause an antero-posterior compression of the globe and elongation of the equatorial area. Both anterior and posterior segment structures may be influenced by this rapid deformation of ocular tissues. Cornea, iris, lens, and zonule are the most affected tissues from trauma as they are vulnerable to acute deformation. The restoration process of these tissues frequently results in a nonfunctional configuration [6]. Previous studies have discussed specific complications such as traumatic hyphema [7], cataract [8], glaucoma [9] and corneal endothelial changes [10]. A few studies have discussed all anterior complications of ocular contusion.